stl_test/app/Services/SlotService.php

<?php

namespace App\Services;

use App\Enums\HoldStatus;
use App\Exceptions\HoldNotAvailableException;
use App\Exceptions\SlotCapacityExceededException;
use App\Models\Hold;
use App\Models\Slot;
use Illuminate\Database\UniqueConstraintViolationException;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

class SlotService
{
    private const string AVAILABILITY_CACHE_KEY = 'slots:availability';

    /**
     * @return list<array{slot_id: int, capacity: int, remaining: int}>
     */
    public function getAvailability(): array
    {
        $fresh = config('slots.availability_cache_fresh_seconds');
        $ttl = config('slots.availability_cache_ttl_seconds');

        return Cache::flexible(self::AVAILABILITY_CACHE_KEY, [$fresh, $ttl], function (): array {
            return $this->buildAvailabilityPayload();
        });
    }

    private function buildAvailabilityPayload(): array
    {
        return Slot::query()
            ->orderBy('id')
            ->get()
            ->map(fn (Slot $slot): array => [
                'slot_id' => $slot->id,
                'capacity' => $slot->capacity,
                'remaining' => $this->availableRemaining($slot),
            ])
            ->all();
    }

    public function createHold(Slot $slot, string $idempotencyKey): Hold
    {
        $existing = $this->findHoldByIdempotencyKey($idempotencyKey);
        if ($existing !== null) {
            return $existing->load('slot');
        }

        try {
            return DB::transaction(function () use ($slot, $idempotencyKey): Hold {
                $lockedSlot = Slot::query()->lockForUpdate()->findOrFail($slot->id);

                if ($this->availableRemaining($lockedSlot) <= 0) {
                    throw new SlotCapacityExceededException('Slot capacity is exhausted.');
                }

                return Hold::query()->create([
                   'slot_id' => $lockedSlot->id,
                   'idempotency_key' => $idempotencyKey,
                   'status' => HoldStatus::Held,
                   'expires_at' => now()->addMinutes(config('slots.hold_ttl_minutes')),
                ])->load('slot');
            });
        } catch (UniqueConstraintViolationException) {
            $existing = $this->findHoldByIdempotencyKey($idempotencyKey);

            if ($existing === null) {
                throw new SlotCapacityExceededException('Slot capacity is exhausted.');
            }

            return $existing->load('slot');
        }
    }

    public function confirmHold(Hold $hold): Hold
    {
        return DB::transaction(function () use ($hold) {
            $lockedHold = Hold::query()->lockForUpdate()->findOrFail($hold->id);

            if ($lockedHold->status === HoldStatus::Confirmed) {
                return $lockedHold->load('slot');
            }

            if ($lockedHold->status !== HoldStatus::Held || $lockedHold->isExpired()) {
                throw new HoldNotAvailableException('Hold cannot be confirmed');
            }

            $slot = Slot::query()->lockForUpdate()->findOrFail($lockedHold->slot_id);

            if ($slot->remaining < 1) {
                throw new SlotCapacityExceededException('Slot capacity is exhausted.');
            }

            $slot->remaining--;
            $slot->save();

            $lockedHold->status = HoldStatus::Confirmed;
            $lockedHold->save();

            return $lockedHold->load('slot');
        });
    }

    public function cancelHold(Hold $hold): Hold
    {
        return DB::transaction(function () use ($hold) {
           $lockedHold = Hold::query()->lockForUpdate()->findOrFail($hold->id);

           if ($lockedHold->status === HoldStatus::Cancelled) {
               return $lockedHold->load('slot');
           }

           if ($lockedHold->status === HoldStatus::Confirmed) {
               $slot = Slot::query()->lockForUpdate()->findOrFail($lockedHold->slot_id);
               $slot->remaining = min($slot->capacity, $slot->remaining + 1);
               $slot->save();
           }

           $lockedHold->status = HoldStatus::Cancelled;
           $lockedHold->save();

           return $lockedHold->load('slot');
        });
    }

    private function availableRemaining(Slot $slot): int
    {
        $activeHolds = Hold::query()
            ->where('slot_id', $slot->id)
            ->where('status', HoldStatus::Held)
            ->where('expires_at', '>', now())
            ->count();

        return max(0, $slot->remaining - $activeHolds);
    }

    private function findHoldByIdempotencyKey(string $idempotencyKey): ?Hold
    {
        return Hold::query()
            ->where('idempotency_key', $idempotencyKey)
            ->first();
    }
}